Kubernetes安装Helm和使用

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部署Helm

获取Helm

Github项目地址

二进制安装

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wget -O - https://get.helm.sh/helm-v2.14.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar xz linux-amd64/helm
mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm
rm -rf linux-amd64

通过官方脚本安装

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curl -L https://git.io/get_helm.sh | bash

创建RBAC

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cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
# 创建名为tiller的ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: tiller
  namespace: kube-system
---
# 给tiller绑定cluster-admin权限
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: tiller-cluster-rule
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: tiller
  namespace: kube-system
EOF

安装Helm服务端

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helm init --tiller-image dockerhub.azk8s.cn/gcrxio/tiller:v2.14.1 \
          --service-account tiller \
          --stable-repo-url http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/

检查部署结果

查看Pod状态

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kubectl -n kube-system get pod -l app=helm,name=tiller

输出示例

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NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
tiller-deploy-84fc6cd5f9-nz4m7   1/1       Running   0          1m

查看Helm版本信息

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helm version

输出示例

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Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.1", GitCommit:"d325d2a9c179b33af1a024cdb5a4472b6288016a", GitTreeState:"clean"}
Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.1", GitCommit:"d325d2a9c179b33af1a024cdb5a4472b6288016a", GitTreeState:"clean"}

使用Helm

命令自动补齐

临时生效

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source <$(helm compeltion bash)

永久生效

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helm compeltion bash > /etc/bash_completions./helm
source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh

查看Chart

https://hub.helm.sh/charts

查看Repo

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helm repo list

输出示例

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NAME   	URL                                              
local  	http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts                     
stable 	https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com/

添加Repo

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helm repo add pingcap <Chart-URL>

更新Repo缓存

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helm repo update

查看Repo里的Chart

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helm search <Chart-Name> -l

输出示例

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helm search stable -l
NAME                                 	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION                     	DESCRIPTION                                                 
stable/acs-engine-autoscaler         	2.2.2        	2.1.1                           	DEPRECATED Scales worker nodes within agent pools           
stable/acs-engine-autoscaler         	2.2.1        	2.1.1                           	Scales worker nodes within agent pools

查找Chart

这里以redis作为关键字

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helm search redis

输出示例

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NAME                            	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                                                 
stable/prometheus-redis-exporter	3.0.0        	1.0.3      	Prometheus exporter for Redis metrics                       
stable/redis                    	9.0.1        	5.0.5      	Open source, advanced key-value store. It is often referr...
stable/redis-ha                 	3.6.2        	5.0.5      	Highly available Kubernetes implementation of Redis         
stable/sensu                    	0.2.3        	0.28       	Sensu monitoring framework backed by the Redis transpor

下载Chart

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helm fetch stable/redis --version=9.0.1

查看Chart文件结构

解压Chart

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tar xzf redis-9.0.1.tgz

查看目录结构

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tree redis

输出示例

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redis
├── Chart.yaml
├── ci
│   ├── default-values.yaml
│   ├── dev-values.yaml
│   ├── extra-flags-values.yaml
│   ├── production-sentinel-values.yaml
│   ├── production-values.yaml
│   ├── redisgraph-module-values.yaml
│   └── redis-lib-values.yaml
├── README.md
├── templates
│   ├── configmap.yaml
│   ├── headless-svc.yaml
│   ├── health-configmap.yaml
│   ├── _helpers.tpl
│   ├── metrics-prometheus.yaml
│   ├── metrics-svc.yaml
│   ├── networkpolicy.yaml
│   ├── NOTES.txt
│   ├── redis-master-statefulset.yaml
│   ├── redis-master-svc.yaml
│   ├── redis-rolebinding.yaml
│   ├── redis-role.yaml
│   ├── redis-serviceaccount.yaml
│   ├── redis-slave-statefulset.yaml
│   ├── redis-slave-svc.yaml
│   ├── redis-with-sentinel-svc.yaml
│   └── secret.yaml
├── values-production.yaml
└── values.yaml

使用Helm安装Chart

帮助文档里面是这么描述的

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1. By chart reference: helm install stable/mariadb
2. By path to a packaged chart: helm install ./nginx-1.2.3.tgz
3. By path to an unpacked chart directory: helm install ./nginx
4. By absolute URL: helm install https://example.com/charts/nginx-1.2.3.tgz
5. By chart reference and repo url: helm install --repo https://example.com/charts/ nginx

直接安装

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helm install stable/redis --name=helm-redis --namespace=default --version=9.0.1

安装时指定变量

具体的变量定义在Chart目录下的values.yaml文件里面有

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helm install stable/redis \
     --name=helm-redis \
     --namesapce=default \
     --version=9.0.1 \
     --set image.registry=docker.io \
     --set image.repository=bitnami/redis \
     --set image.tag=5.0.5-debian-9-r36

安装时指定变量文件

按需修改Chart目录下values.yaml文件

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helm install stable/redis \
     --name=helm-redis \
     --namesapce=default \
     --version=9.0.1 \
     -f redis/values.yaml

列出Release

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helm list --all

输出示例

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NAME                UPDATED                     CHART
helm-redis          Mon May  9 16:07:08 2019    redis-9.0.1

更新Release

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helm upgrade helm-redis stable/redis -f redis/values.yaml

查看Release历史

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helm history helm-redis
REVISION        UPDATED                         STATUS          CHART                   DESCRIPTION
1               Mon Apr 16 10:21:44 2019        SUPERSEDED      stable/redis-9.0.1     Install complete
2               Mon Apr 16 10:43:10 2019        DEPLOYED        stable/redis-9.0.1     Upgrade complete

回滚Release

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helm rollback helm-redis 1

删除Release

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helm delete helm-redis
  • 彻底删除
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helm delete --purge helm-redis

通过模板功能生成YAML文件

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helm template stable/redis \
     --name=helm-redis \
     --namesapce=default \
     --version=9.0.1 \
     -f redis/values.yaml > helm_redis_generated.yaml

此方法生成的YAML文件可以通过kubectl命令进行部署